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Promyshlennost Molotova

Perm (the city was named Molotov during 1940–1957th) was one of the vital industrial centers during the Great Patriotic War. There were 11 large factories in 1941. The staff and equipment of 64 factories was evacuated from the west districts of the Soviet Union. Since 2020, Perm holds an honorary title “City of Labour Valor”.

The Motovilikha Plants were founded in 1736. It has always been an important part of Russian metallurgical and military equipment industry. During the 1941–1945th, it produced almost 50’000 artillery guns, which was about of 25% of total artillery park of the Red Army. Motovilikha Plants design office developed a 45 mm cannon M-42, an anti-tank cannon BL-19, a 152 mm howitzer-gun ML-20 and its adaptation for a SU-152 assault gun and ISU-152 tank destroyer. The A-19 cannons produced in Perm were the first to open fire on April 20, 1945 in the Battle for Berlin.

A Perm Engine Plant produced more than 30’000 aircraft engines during the War. The ASh-82 series and the others by Arkadiy Shvetsov powered the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 and Polikarpov I-153 and I-16 fighters, and the Tupolev Tu-2, Petlyakov Pe-8, Sukhoi Su-2 bombers. The Molotov plant no.339 and evacuated Moscow plant no.33 produced more than 1 million aircraft carburetors.

A Perm Powder Plant becomes one of the largest gunpowder manufacturers. With the factories evacuated from the Leningrad, Rostov and Lugansk, it produced the gunpowder, artillery charges and reactive charges for a legendary “Katyusha” rocket launcher.

A Metallurgical plant no.700 from Lysva, Perm region, was the only manufacturer that produced the SSh-40 helmets with more than 10 million items supplied during the Great Patriotic War. Today, Lysva also holds the honorary title “City of Labour Valour” since 2021.

There were many other industries. E.g. a Shpagin Plant produced armored trains and artillery charge shells. Shipyard “Kama” no.344 supplied the river armored boats. Dzerzhinsky Machine building plant no.10 together with evacuated Vladimir Gramophone Factory manufactured about 30% of the whole artillery fuses amount. A Perm Phone Plant had been unified with an evacuated Leningrad Electrotechnical Plant, and built field telephones for the front. The Molotov industry also produced an equipment for food processing, chemical protection systems, machine and artillery oils, chemical compounds and many other critical and important things.